Volume 3, Issue 2 ( Journal of Clinical and Basic Research (JCBR) 2019)
jcbr 2019, 3(2): 1-7 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Shokhmgar Z, Sanagoo A, Mohammadpour M, Khaleghi H, Ahangi A, Mehrandish N et al . Comparison of the Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Neurofeedback for Reducing Symptoms of Anxiety. jcbr 2019; 3 (2) :1-7
URL: http://jcbr.goums.ac.ir/article-1-212-en.html
URL: http://jcbr.goums.ac.ir/article-1-212-en.html
Zahra Shokhmgar1 
, Akram Sanagoo2 , Malieh Mohammadpour3 , Hosein Khaleghi4 , Akram Ahangi5 , Neda Mehrandish6 , Leila Mirshekari * 7
, Akram Sanagoo2 , Malieh Mohammadpour3 , Hosein Khaleghi4 , Akram Ahangi5 , Neda Mehrandish6 , Leila Mirshekari * 7
1- Department of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Torbat-e Jam, Iran
2- Nursing Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
3- Department of Sociology, Payame Noor University, Torbat-e Jam, Iran
4- Department of Management, Payame Noor University, Torbat-e Jam, Iran
5- Department of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
6- Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
7- Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2- Nursing Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
3- Department of Sociology, Payame Noor University, Torbat-e Jam, Iran
4- Department of Management, Payame Noor University, Torbat-e Jam, Iran
5- Department of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
6- Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
7- Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Abstract: (5361 Views)
Background and objectives: Anxiety is one of the most common psychiatric disorders that can cause functional impairment, which necessitates development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic methods. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and neurofeedback in reducing symptoms of anxiety.
Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design. Study population included 24 students with anxiety disorders who were referred to the psychological consultation center at Payame Noor University, Torbat-e Jam (Iran) in 2018. The subjects were selected based on psychiatric interview and the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. They were randomly divided into two groups: the first group received 10 weekly 90-minute sessions of cognitive-behavioral group therapy, while the second group received 10 weekly 30-minute sessions of neurofeedback. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 20) at significance level of 0.05.
Results: The groups were matched in terms of age and education level. The mean pretest score of anxiety did not differ significantly between the groups (P=0.01). After the intervention, the mean score of anxiety decreased significantly in the cognitive-behavioral therapy group (P=0.001) and in the neurofeedback group (P=0.0001). There was a significant difference between the effects of neurofeedback and cognitive-behavioral group therapy (P = 0.012).
Conclusion: Our results suggest that both cognitive-behavioral therapy and neurofeedback can significantly reduce symptoms of anxiety in students. However, the effectiveness of neurofeedback is significantly higher than that of cognitive-behavioral therapy in reducing the symptoms of anxiety.
Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design. Study population included 24 students with anxiety disorders who were referred to the psychological consultation center at Payame Noor University, Torbat-e Jam (Iran) in 2018. The subjects were selected based on psychiatric interview and the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. They were randomly divided into two groups: the first group received 10 weekly 90-minute sessions of cognitive-behavioral group therapy, while the second group received 10 weekly 30-minute sessions of neurofeedback. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 20) at significance level of 0.05.
Results: The groups were matched in terms of age and education level. The mean pretest score of anxiety did not differ significantly between the groups (P=0.01). After the intervention, the mean score of anxiety decreased significantly in the cognitive-behavioral therapy group (P=0.001) and in the neurofeedback group (P=0.0001). There was a significant difference between the effects of neurofeedback and cognitive-behavioral group therapy (P = 0.012).
Conclusion: Our results suggest that both cognitive-behavioral therapy and neurofeedback can significantly reduce symptoms of anxiety in students. However, the effectiveness of neurofeedback is significantly higher than that of cognitive-behavioral therapy in reducing the symptoms of anxiety.
References
1. Ryan, C.E., Epstein ,N.B., Keitner, G.I.,Miller,I.,& Bishop, D. S. Evaluating and treating families : The Mc Master approach . New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group,2005. [Google Scholar]
2. Morrison EW, Milliken FJ. Organizational silence: A barrier to change and development in a pluralistic world. Academy Manage Rev, 2000; 25(4): 706-25. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
3. Zalipour M. The effect of systematic motivational counseling on reduce of exam anxiety among student, [MS Thesis in Persian]. Iran, Tehran: AllameTatabatabei University; 2005. [Google Scholar]
4. Najafian J, Akhavan TA .Comparison of the effect of relaxation and biofeedback- assisted relaxation on stress and anxiety score in patient with mild hypertention. Journal of Jahrom University of Medical Sciences 2011; 9(17): 8-12. [In Persian] [Google Scholar]
5. Allison JO,Roger C, Pamela MS.David JA. A meta- analysis of CBT for Pathological worry amony clients with GAD. J Anx Disord 2016;22:108-160. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
6. Hall J, Kellett S, Berrios R, Bains MK, Scott S. Efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder in older adults: systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Am J Geria Psychiat 2016; 24(11): 1063-73. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
7. Olatunji B, Cisler J, Deacon B. Efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders, Psychiatric Clin North Am 2010; 33(3): 557-57. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
8. Dugas M, Brillon P, Savard P, Turcotte J, Gaudent A, Ladoucrar R, et al. A randomized clinical trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and applied relaxation for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. J Behavioral 2010; 41(1): 46-58. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
9. Lubar JF. Neurofeedback for the management of attention deficit disorders. In: Schwarts MS, Andrasik F, editors. Biofeedback: A practitioners guide. 3rd ed. New York: The Guilford Press; 2003: 409-37 [Google Scholar]
10. Kouijzer MEJ, van Schie HT, de Moor JMH, Gerrits BJL, Buitelaar JK. Neurofeedback treatment in autism. Preliminary findings in behavioral, cognitive, and neurophysiological functioning. Journal of Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders 2009; 4: 386-99. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
11. Mann C, Lubar JF, Zimmerman A, Miller C, Muenchen R. Quantitative analysis of EEG in boys with attentiondeficit/ hyperactivity disorder: a controlled study with clinical implication. Journal of Pediatric Neurology 1992; 8(1): 30-6. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
12. Vernon D, Egner T, Cooper N, Compton T, Neilands C, Sheri A, et al. The effect of training distinct neurofeedback protocols on aspects of cognitive performance. Int J Psychophysiol 2003; 47(1): 75-85. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
13. Bazanova OM, Aftanas LI. Individual EEG alpha activity analysis for enhancement neurofeedback efficiency: two case studies. Journal of Neurotherapy 2010; 14(3): 244-53. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
14. Hammond DC. Lens neurofeedback treatment of anger: Preliminary reports. Journal of Neurotherapy 2010; 14(2): 162-9. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
15. Hammond DC. What is neurofeedback? Journal of Neurotherapy 2011; 15(4): 305-36. [DOI]
16. Hammond DC. Neurofeedback treatment of depression with the roshi. Journal of Neurotherapy. 2000; 4(2): 45-56. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
17. Hammond DC. Neurofeedback with anxiety and affective disorders. Child AdolescPsychiatrClin N Am. 2005; 14(1): 105-23. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
18. Bolea AS. Neurofeedback treatment of chronic inpatient schizophrenia. Journal of Neurotherapy. 2010; 14(1): 47-54. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
19. Smith PN, Marvin WS. Neurofeedback with juvenile offenders: A pilot study in the use of QEEG-based and analog-based remedial neurofeedback training. Journal of Neurotherapy.2006; 9(3): 87-99. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
20. Sime A. Case study of trigeminal neuralgia using neurofeedback and peripheral biofeedback. Journal of Neurotherapy. 2004; 8(1): 59-71. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
21. Bakhshayesh AR, Ha¨nsch S, Wyschkon A, Rezai MJ, Esser G. Neurofeedback in ADHD: A single-blind randomized controlled trial. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2011; 20(9): 481-91. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
22. Monastra VJ, Lynn S, Linden M, Lubar JF, Gruzelier J, LaVaque TJ. Electroencephalographic biofeedback in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. ApplPsychophysiol Biofeedback. 2005; 30(2): 95-114. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
23. Coben R, Padolsky I. Assessment-guided neurofeedback for autistic spectrum disorder. Journal of Neurotherapy. 2007: 11(1); 5-22. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
24. Coben R, Linden M, Myers TE. Neurofeedback for autistic spectrum disorder: A review of the literature. ApplPsychophysiol Biofeedback. 2011: 35(1); 83-105. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
25. Wang M, Reid D. Virtual reality in pediatric neurorehabilitation: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism and cerebral palsy. Neuroepidemiology. 2010; 36(1): 2-18. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
26. Bachers A. Neurofeedback with cerebral palsy and mental retardation: A case report. Journal of Neurotherapy.2004; 8(2): 95-6. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
27. Margaret EA. Neurofeedback for cerebral palsy. Journal of Neurotherapy. 2004; 8(2): 93-4. [DOI]
28. Hemmati, Samira (2007). The study of anxiety caused by noise pollution in factories, PhD dissertation of Islamic Azad University, Tehran South Branch.
29. Wilson GT, Zandberg LJ. Cognitive-behavioral guided self-help for eating disorders: effectiveness and scalability.Clin Psychol Rev. 2012; 32:343-57. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
30. Jennifer, Y. (2015). Social anxiety disorder in adolescence: How developmental cognitive neuroscience findings may shape understanding and interventions for psychopathology.London. Journal of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience. 13. 11-20. [Google Scholar]
31. Coben., R. Padalsky, I. (2002). Assessment-guided neurofeedback for autistic disorder. Clinical psychology science & practice. 11(3), 230-24.
32. Moradi,. A. Pouladi,. F. pishva,N.Rezaei,B. Torshabi, M. Alammehrjerdi. Z.(2011). Treatment of anxiety disorder with neurofeedback. Tehran. Procedia-social and behavioral sciences: 103-107. [DOI]
33. Frank, S B. Ralf, V. Petra, S. Simon, B. Jörn, D. Rainer, GI. Klaus, M. Niels,B. k. Nikolaus, W. (2015). Manipulating motor performance and memory through real-time fMRI neurofeedback. University College London. Journal home page Biological Psychology. 108. 85-97. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
34. Christopher, R. Andrew, C. Maria David, M. Rich. M. (2015). Investigating the efficacy of neuro feedback training for expediting expertise and excellence in sport. Psychology of Sport and Exercise 16. 118e127 [DOI] [Google Scholar]
35. Gruzelier J, G. Thompson, T. Redding, E. Brandy, R. Steffert. T. (2013).Department of psychology .university of landon.international. Journal of psychophysiology. Intpsy-10653. 1701-1724.
36. Biriukova, E. V. Timofeer, L.V.Mosolov, S. N. (2003). Clinical and entropy physiological efficacy of neurofeedback. Moscow. iteration an journal of nursing sciences. 9(2): 111-4. [Google Scholar]
37. Moradi A, Kalantari M. The effect of self image guided on anxiety and hope to life in women with cancer. Journal of knowledge and research in Applied Psychology. 2007; 9(31); 1-16. [In Persian]
38. Heidari AR, Saedi S. The effect of relaxation and gradual stress removal accompanied by biofeedback on the anxiety of the students. Journal of knowledge and research in Applied Psychology. 2011; 12(3): 4-11. [In Persian] [Google Scholar]
39. Moore NC. A review of EEG biofeedback treatment of anxiety disorders. ClinElectroencephalogr. 2000; 31(1): 1-6. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
40. Garrett BL, Silver MP. The use of EMG and alpha biofeedback to relieve test anxiety in college students. In: Wickramasekera I, editor. Biofeedback, Behavior Therapy, and Hypnosis. Chicago: Nelson-Hall; 1976. [Google Scholar]
41. Monastra VJ, Monastra DM, George S. The Effects of Stimulant Therapy, EEG Biofeedback, and Parenting Style on the Primary Symptoms of Attention deficit/hyperactivity Disorder. ApplPsychophysiol Biofeedback. 2002; 27(4): 231-49. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
42. Nosratabadi M. QEEG assessment guided in diagnosis and neurofeedback in treatment of ADHD, An experimental research [MA Thesis in Persian]. Tehran: AllameTatabatabei University; 2008. [Google Scholar]
43. DehghaniArani F, Rostami R. Effectivness of Neurofeedback training on opium craving. Journal of Daneshvar (Raftar) 2010; 40: 75-84. [In Persian].
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0).