Showing 13 results for Article Type: Review
Dr Fatemeh Roohollah, Dr Arash Nikyar, Dr Alireza Milani,
Volume 3, Issue 4 (12-2019)
Abstract
Since their discovery, non-coding RNAs have been known as key regulators of gene expression. Gaining a better understanding about their biogenesis and function may provide valuable knowledge about the heterogeneity of malignancies and contribute to identification of diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic targets. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a group of RNAs composed of >200 nucleotides that play important regulatory roles in gene transcription, splicing and epigenetics as well as in biological processes involved in cell cycle, development and pluripotency. Generally, the expression levels of lncRNAs are lower than protein-coding genes, but they exhibit more tissue-specific expression patterns. Recent studies have suggested involvement of cancer-specific lncRNAs including HOTAIR, ANRIL, FENDRR, GAS5 and H19 in tumorigenesis, tumor cell proliferation, invasion, migration, apoptosis and angiogenesis. Expression of lncRNAs is tissue-specific and may vary depending on the stage of tumor progression. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the roles of lncRNAs in some cancers and their potential as diagnostic and prognostic targets.
Marie Saghaeian Jazi,
Volume 4, Issue 1 (1-2020)
Abstract
The most important aspect of cancer treatment is early diagnosis. The best serum marker currently available for diagnosis of prostate cancer (CaP) is serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA). However, PSA test does not have high specificity and is not reliable for differentiating benign prostate hyperplasia, non-aggressive CaP and aggressive CaP. In the past decade, great efforts have been made in the development of novel biosensor-based strategies for detection of biomolecules and miniaturization assays for PSA. The emerging nanotechnology in recent years is expected to have a profound effect on healthcare and scientific research in the near future. Specifically, nanotechnology is foreseen to help solve one of the most challenging and longstanding problems of early cancer detection. The current mini-review summarizes the current knowledge and application of nanoarrays, nanosensors, liposomes, improved nanoparticles (dendrimers, diamondoids, gold-based nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles and quantum dots) and nanoelectronics in early diagnosis of prostate cancer. This mini-review highlights the most recent advances and innovative solutions in applications of nanotechnology for the detection of CaP biomarkers and early diagnosis of CaP.
Akhtar Saifi, Negar Sadat Taheri, Hadi Reza Mansourian, Azad Reza Mansourian,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (4-2021)
Abstract
Thyroid hormones play a key role indevelopment of most metabolic disease. Toxic multi nodular goiter, toxic adenoma and thyroid autoimmunity are the most common causes of thyrotoxicosis. Graves’ diseaseis an autoimmune thyroid disorder characterized by production of autoantibodies against thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor on the thyroid gland.G raves’ disease-related thyrotoxicosis can be controlled either through medication or surgical and radiotherapy interventions. There are few options for the prevention of thyroid hormones overproduction including antithyroid drugs such as methimazole and propylthiouracil, carbimazole, radioactive iodine as well as thyroidectomy. In this study, the latest pharmacological information on treatment of Graves' disease are reviewed.
Dr. Mohsen Ebrahimi, Miss. Fatemeh Sana Askari, Miss. Nazanin Razzaghi, Mr. Alireza Mohebbi,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (10-2021)
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) has infected billions of people worldwide. The clinical appearance of TB is close to that of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Active pulmonary TB infection can lead to severe pulmonary distress syndrome. Recent studies have revealed the clinical significance of TB surveillance in COVID-19 patients. In this mini-review, we compiled data from published literature and addressed the significance of interplay between TB and SARS-CoV-2 co-infection. Bilateral cross-relationship between these two major public health issues can be classified into two main categories. On one hand, active TB and multidrug-resistance infections lead to poor prognosis, particularly in elderly patients with COVID-19. On the other hand, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic caused major harm to the global TB services and surveillance.
Dr Hamed Hajishah, Dr Seyyed Amirhossein Salehi, Dr Mohammadjavad Amini,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (10-2021)
Abstract
The Olfactory bulb is a crucial structure involved in olfaction that is located in the ventral anterior of the forebrain. Due to physiological and anatomical connection between olfactory and emotion processing networks, olfactory dysfunction is seen in some psychiatric disorders. Strong evidences suggest that olfactory bulb volume can mirror olfactory system function. Due to this correlation, there has been an interest to investigate the possible correlation between reduction of olfactory bulb volume and some neuropsychiatric disorders. Nowadays, mental disorders are mostly diagnosed according to behavioural symptoms. Gradual progression of mental disorders and delayed onset of behavioral symptoms have increased the importance of finding objective biomarkers. Such biomarkers can improve treatment outcome, accuracy of diagnosis, and prognosis. It is hypothesized that the reduction of olfactory bulb volume could be a biomarker for some disorders. In this article, we reviewed studies on the association of olfactory bulb volume with depression, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, migraine, and multiple sclerosis.
Abayomi Oyeyemi Ajagbe͓, Michael Kunle Ajenikoko, Ebenezer Oyedele Ajiboye,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (12-2021)
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs due to primary or secondary brain damages that result in temporary or permanent neurological deficits. The sum combined rates for TBI-related emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and deaths have escalated in 2001-2010. Environmental enrichment (EE) is a non-invasive therapy used to enhance learning and memory function. Given its positive effects on neuronal plasticity, EE can be applied as therapy for medical conditions such as neurodegenerative disorders (Parkinson’s, Alzheimer disease) and TBI. This study reviewed the therapeutic effects of EE via music therapy and mastication for treatment of TBI. The introduction of EE in animal studies has been well established compared to human studies. This entails the use of various objects with different shapes, sizes, colors, textures, running wheels, ropes, plastic tunnels, balls, stairs, and shelters as part of this method that enhance physical activity compared with standard housing. Studies have shown that EE boosts cognitive function after TBI. It is also recommended to use wooden dowels as an EE tool in animal brain research.
Fatemeh Emamipari, Soroush Kamali, Ghazaleh Nikzad, Narges Roosta Navi, Sanaz Soltani, Mohamad Reza Kalani,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (2-2022)
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a severe acute respiratory disease with a high prevalence. According to the research and statistical data, in January 2021, there have been 92,262,621 confirmed cases of COVID-19 and more than two million deaths. Infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the main cause of this disease. In addition to the respiratory system, the disease affects the gastrointestinal tract, central-peripheral nervous system, circulatory system, and kidneys. Therefore, any therapeutic action to reduce COVID-19-related symptoms and complications is essential. In this study, we conducted a systematic review of the published literature and preprints on the efficacy of erythropoietin (EPO) and recombinant human EPO as a safe stimulant and tissue protector in the treatment of COVID-19. We also briefly described the structure of coronavirus, its pathogenesis, and the structure of EPO and recombinant human EPO. All relevant articles published in the Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases were searched. According to the results, EPO is a cytoprotective cytokine induced by hypoxia. The pleiotropic effects of EPO are associated with its erythrocyte-forming, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory activities. It also exerts protective effects on the heart, lungs, kidneys, arteries, and central and peripheral nervous systems. It has been demonstrated that EPO can increase hemoglobin levels, thereby increasing oxygen delivery to the tissues. Therefore, recombinant human EPO therapy can be used for counteracting the adverse effects of COVID-19 including hypoxic myocarditis, acute renal failure, pulmonary edema, and brain-spinal cord ischemic injury. Overall, the use of EPO and recombinant human EPO therapy increases blood coagulation, tumor growth, thromboembolism, and purification of red blood cells, which must be accompanied by anticoagulants such as heparin.
Muhammad Mubarak Dahiru,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (7-2023)
Abstract
Diabetes and diabetic complications have been a global menace for a long time, putting a heavy burden on an individual, the health sector, and governments. Diabetic complications attributed to persistent hyperglycemia create a challenge in managing diabetes, considering the nature of the disease as a group of metabolic disorders. Various phytochemicals target different metabolic pathways and molecules through different mechanisms of action, acting individually or synergistically to achieve therapeutic goals. Phytochemicals such as alkaloids, saponins, glycosides, terpenoids, and flavonoids were reported to exert different anti-diabetic effects, including anti-hyperglycemic, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and insulinotropic activities. The present review focused on the recent advances in the therapeutic potentials of phytochemicals in managing diabetes and diabetic complications, emphasizing their in vitro and in vivo studies.
Dr Mehdi Sheikh Arabi, Dr Seyedeh Zahra Hoseini,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (9-2023)
Abstract
In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced that Coronavirus (2019) (COVID-19) was recognized as a global epidemic. In late 2019, a new type of the coronavirus family, known as Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in Wuhan, China, and was named Covid-19. The COVID-19 epidemic has plunged the world into an unprecedented crisis, causing huge human and economic losses. As of July 6, 2020. The high rate of lung infection, long latency period, with mild to moderate symptoms or even cases that many people experience, or even cases of asymptomatic patients, has made Covid-19 a worrying disease. Challenges to treat the disease include vaccine design, high-speed mass production, and uniform worldwide distribution. Nanoparticles with their physicochemical properties can be a promising treatment method to win the battle against coronaviruses. Nanotechnology usually deals with the design and development of materials with dimensions of 1 nanometer to hundreds of nanometers, which makes it possible to design and manufacture materials with the desired structure and a controllable and small structure. In this review article, we explore the disease of Covid-19 and the potential of nanotechnology as a bright and promising pathway for the diagnosis, drug delivery, and treatment of Covid-19.
Imran Ahmed Khan,
Volume 7, Issue 4 (1-2023)
Abstract
Background: The literal meaning of halal is "permissible" in Arabic, which refers to a mandatory set of dietary guidelines and Islamic law principles. Halal food is made following the Islamic dietary regulations, ensuring specific standards of cleanliness, hygiene, animal welfare, and the prohibition of the inclusion of harmful chemicals. The emphasis on cleanliness, animal welfare, prohibition of harmful substances, nutritional value, and ethical sourcing contributes to a healthier and more sustainable food system.
Methods: An extensive online literature search for articles was performed using various search engines and databases with keywords halal food, food hygiene, and Islamic dietary principles. The reference lists of all the retrieved publications were also explored.
Results: Our search was limited to English articles that seemed relevant to this review, and the draft was prepared.
Conclusion: The health benefits of halal eating extend beyond religious grounds. Halal food consumption provides a safer option and minimizes the potential for food contamination and the associated health risks. By adhering to halal dietary guidelines, individuals can make conscious choices that promote their well-being while fostering a sense of responsibility towards animals, the environment, and the community at large. Halal food offers a holistic approach to nutrition and health, providing safer, balanced, and ethical food choices.
Somayeh Zakeri, Fatemeh Moradi , Fatemeh Kolangi ,
Volume 7, Issue 4 (1-2023)
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common and deadly cancers among women, which imposes heavy medical costs. Recurrence, side effects, the lack of a clear preventive plan, and increasing incidence are the other related concerns. This study aimed to review the prevention of breast cancer in Iranian medicine (IM) compared to conventional medicine.
Methods: This review study was carried out for the last 21 years (2001-2022) using specific keywords related to breast cancer prevention and then compared to the most famous IM manuscripts.
Results: Iranian medicine has special views on preventive plans by introducing the risk factors of diseases. Some known risk factors of breast cancer in IM are constipation, obesity, menses retention, irregular night sleep, low physical exertion, and improper diet. Proven risk factors of breast cancer, including improper lifestyle, western diet, obesity, physical inactivity, delayed childbearing, fewer children, and shorter duration of breastfeeding, are in line with IM evidence.
Conclusion: Considering the importance of disease prevention from the perspective of IM, providing the right lifestyle, and introducing the 6 essential principles for health maintenance from the perspective of this medical school may play an important role in preventing breast diseases.
Seyyed Abulhasan Mousavi Khorshidi , Mehdi Zarvandi ,
Volume 8, Issue 3 (10-2024)
Abstract
Background: Sexual function is an important aspect of overall quality of life, and disruptions in this area can significantly harm interpersonal relationships, emotional well-being, and self-esteem. The high prevalence of sexual dysfunction and its complications, especially in men, and the shortcomings of the current treatments highlight the need for alternative approaches, particularly traditional Persian medicine.
Methods: The methodology used in this narrative review study is content analysis. The search was conducted using sources from traditional Persian medicine, including the following: "Qanoon in Medicine" by Ibn Sina, "Zakhirrh (Repository) of Kharazmshahi" by Seyyed Ismail Jorjani, and "Exir (Elixir)" by Hakim Azam Khan. Additionally, databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and SID were searched until April 2023, using relevant keywords without any time restrictions.
Results: From the perspective of Persian traditional medicine (TPM), sexual dysfunction is the inability to have sexual intercourse, and its leading causes include: quantitative and qualitative changes in semen, weakness of vital organs of the body such as the brain, heart, and liver, stomach and kidney, long-term intimacy leaving, low intravascular flatulence (gas), weakness of mental and emotional states, and weakness of the nerves of the penis. The principles of treating this disorder are based on dietary measures, strengthening vital organs, and then using sexual-enhancing drugs or supplements or manipulations such as massage.
Conclusion: Integrating knowledge from traditional Persian medicine and modern treatments can facilitate future research, develop projects in this area, and enhance the treatment of sexual disorders.
Salah Faaez Abdulnabi , Mostafa Mohammadi, Ali Jabbari, Omid Nikpayam, Somayeh Ghorbani Gholiabad , Hamed Abedalnabi Flaifel , Sarah Ali Alatter ,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (1-2025)
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major challenge for public health worldwide. Pre-existing diabetes and gestational diabetes (GDM) are linked to poor outcomes in pregnancy, perinatal and maternal. Research indicates that GDM has become significantly more prevalent in several countries, increasing by over 30%. Glycemic control in women during pregnancy plays a major role in the health status of the mother and fetus. Macrosomia is one of the most critical adverse outcomes of DM, which results in negative consequences for the health of infants. This systematic review and meta-analysis study aimed to investigate the association between pregnancy diabetes and macrosomia in infants.
Methods: A comprehensive systematic search was conducted in electronic databases, from inception up to August 2024 to obtain related studies. Two independent researchers evaluated the studies based on the objectives of the study. The pooled effect size was computed using pooled odds risks (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Additionally, we conducted publication bias assessments, sensitivity analyses, and subgroup analyses. The statistical analysis incorporated twelve studies. Quality assessment of included studies was conducted using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS).
Results: Statistical analysis in the present study on the pregnant diabetic mother and infants with macrosomia demonstrated a direct significant association between DM and macrosomia (OR: 2.94, 95% CI: 2.06-4.20, P <0.0001) and (OR: 8.17, 95% CI: 4.85-13.75, P<0.0001), respectively. Sub-group analysis revealed subjects with pre-gestational diabetes against GDM, had a greater risk of delivering an infant with macrosomia.
Conclusion: The results revealed a significant association between all three types of GDM. All three types of diabetes can lead to macrosomia, but pre-gestational diabetes has a more significant positive relationship with macrosomia. However, improving lifestyle can be considered as key strategy against macrosomia and associated diabetic complications.
